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Saturday, July 30
History & Manufacture of Portland Cement
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 08:24 PM EDT
History & Manufacture of Portland Cement more »
CEMENT CO HISTORY
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 08:23 PM EDT
http://www.cmsb.com.my/corporate_info/corporate_information.htm more »
Portland Cement
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 08:14 PM EDT
Cement
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 07:31 PM EDT
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HISTORY OF CEMENT
The word “cement” has been derived from the Latin word, “caementum” which means chipped stone crumb. This word later on was used to mean “binder”. Although the first reinforced concrete structure was built in 1852, the use of binding agents goes further back probably to lime and gypsum use after controlled use of fire by mankind. Lime has been the first material to be used as binder. Intense speculations are ongoing on when the binding feature of lime was initially discovered. Yet it would not be irrational to assert that this happened during the early stages of the history of civilization. Most probably limes formed due to fires built in limestone caves for heating or roasting food, had transformed to slaked lime due to contact with rainwater or humidity, and human beings coincidentally became aware of the binding effect of the powder formed, once it dried. The first applications of slaked lime can be seen in the drawings made on the cave walls. Later on it was employed again on cave walls for making interior and exterior decoration and plastering.
Evidence has been uncovered in different locations of ancient Egypt, Crete and Mesopotamia demonstrating that lime was used as a building material. Ancient Greeks and Romans have used lime as a hydraulic binder. Roman architect Vitruvius (B.C. 70-B.C. 25) had written about the hydraulic features of puzzolana and lime mixtures in his 10-Volumes book, namely, “On Architecture” and had even recommended a mixture ratio for mortar to be used in buildings to be put up nearby rivers and seashore; two parts puzzolana (pulvis Puteolanus) is to be mixed with one part limestone. Research results have confirmed that in Asia Minor, the plaster used in Çatalhöyük dwellings is approximately 7000 years old.
In ancient times, many binders that represent the civilization level of the associated period had been used in Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China and fortresses built at different centuries. Then, about 2000 years before our day, the Romans had started using a hydraulic binder, which resembles the features of today’s cement. They obtained this binder by blending slaked lime with volcanic ashes and later on with baked brick powder. Whereas ancient Greeks were making mortar by blending volcanic tuff they obtained from Island of Santorini with lime, or used hydraulic lime they obtained from limestone that contained clay. Although ancient Greeks and Romans were aware of the hydraulic characteristic of puzzolana and lime mixtures and made use of these materials, they could not arrive at the knowledge to explain how lime is obtained or what was going on chemically during puzzolanic reactions. For instance, Pliny (i.e. Roman scientist Gaius Plinius) had written that it is not comprehensible “why lime, which is obtained through burning of stone by fire, burns once more upon contact with water?” As regards the quality and usage of binders, no significant improvement was attained until 18th Century. John Smeaton, who was assigned to rebuild the Eddystone Lighthouse in 1756, is known to be the first one to realize the chemical properties of lime. The subsequent development was the invention of the binder called the “Roman Cement", by Joseph Parker.
In 1824, a mason named Joseph Aspdin in Leeds obtained a binding agent by baking a mixture of fine particles of clay and limestone and then grinding the baked mixture. Joseph Aspdin, noticing that when water and sand was added into this material, the product resembled the building stones brought in from Portland Island after hardening, received a patent for his binder on 21.10.1824, under the name “Portland Cement”. Although the binder improved extensively in the following years, the “Portland” name was maintained as is. Since the binder invented by Joseph Aspdin was not baked at adequately high temperatures, it never reached the properties of today’s Portland cement. Anyhow it has been confirmed that Joseph Aspdin’s binder was used in the construction of the "Wakefield Arms" building, which is still intact nearby the Kirkgate train station in Britain.
The treatment of raw materials at high temperatures and grinding of these was accomplished later on by an Englishman named Isaac Johnson (1845).
The first cement plant was founded in Britain in year 1848.
The first German Cement Standard was established in 1860. Founding of American Concrete Institute (ACI) and the establishment of the US Directives.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. A.M. Neville, Properties of Concrete - Longman Scientific and Technical, NewYork 4th Edition, 1998
2. A.M. Neville and JJ.Brooks, Concrete Technology - Longman Scientific and Technical, NewYork, 1987
3. F.Kocataskin, Betonun Dünü Bugünü Yarını - 2. Ulusal Beton Kongresi
4. Betonu Olusturan Malzemeler ÇİMENTOLAR - Prof. Dr. Turhan Y. Erdogan T.H.B.B.
5. Concrete Through the Ages BCA, British Cement Association
6. Singer C.A., History of Technology, C.I, Oxford, 1977
7. Mindess, S and Young J F, Concretes 10 Prentice Hall Inc., 1981
8. Klemm, AV “Cementitous Materials: Historical Notes” Materials Science of Concrete (Ed. J. Skalny) C I s 1-26 The American Ceramic Society, 1989
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HISTORY OF CEMENT
The word “cement” has been derived from the Latin word, “caementum” which means chipped stone crumb. This word later on was used to mean “binder”. Although the first reinforced concrete structure was built in 1852, the use of binding agents goes further back probably to lime and gypsum use after controlled use of fire by mankind. Lime has been the first material to be used as binder. Intense speculations are ongoing on when the binding feature of lime was initially discovered. Yet it would not be irrational to assert that this happened during the early stages of the history of civilization. Most probably limes formed due to fires built in limestone caves for heating or roasting food, had transformed to slaked lime due to contact with rainwater or humidity, and human beings coincidentally became aware of the binding effect of the powder formed, once it dried. The first applications of slaked lime can be seen in the drawings made on the cave walls. Later on it was employed again on cave walls for making interior and exterior decoration and plastering.
Evidence has been uncovered in different locations of ancient Egypt, Crete and Mesopotamia demonstrating that lime was used as a building material. Ancient Greeks and Romans have used lime as a hydraulic binder. Roman architect Vitruvius (B.C. 70-B.C. 25) had written about the hydraulic features of puzzolana and lime mixtures in his 10-Volumes book, namely, “On Architecture” and had even recommended a mixture ratio for mortar to be used in buildings to be put up nearby rivers and seashore; two parts puzzolana (pulvis Puteolanus) is to be mixed with one part limestone. Research results have confirmed that in Asia Minor, the plaster used in Çatalhöyük dwellings is approximately 7000 years old.
In ancient times, many binders that represent the civilization level of the associated period had been used in Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China and fortresses built at different centuries. Then, about 2000 years before our day, the Romans had started using a hydraulic binder, which resembles the features of today’s cement. They obtained this binder by blending slaked lime with volcanic ashes and later on with baked brick powder. Whereas ancient Greeks were making mortar by blending volcanic tuff they obtained from Island of Santorini with lime, or used hydraulic lime they obtained from limestone that contained clay. Although ancient Greeks and Romans were aware of the hydraulic characteristic of puzzolana and lime mixtures and made use of these materials, they could not arrive at the knowledge to explain how lime is obtained or what was going on chemically during puzzolanic reactions. For instance, Pliny (i.e. Roman scientist Gaius Plinius) had written that it is not comprehensible “why lime, which is obtained through burning of stone by fire, burns once more upon contact with water?” As regards the quality and usage of binders, no significant improvement was attained until 18th Century. John Smeaton, who was assigned to rebuild the Eddystone Lighthouse in 1756, is known to be the first one to realize the chemical properties of lime. The subsequent development was the invention of the binder called the “Roman Cement", by Joseph Parker.
In 1824, a mason named Joseph Aspdin in Leeds obtained a binding agent by baking a mixture of fine particles of clay and limestone and then grinding the baked mixture. Joseph Aspdin, noticing that when water and sand was added into this material, the product resembled the building stones brought in from Portland Island after hardening, received a patent for his binder on 21.10.1824, under the name “Portland Cement”. Although the binder improved extensively in the following years, the “Portland” name was maintained as is. Since the binder invented by Joseph Aspdin was not baked at adequately high temperatures, it never reached the properties of today’s Portland cement. Anyhow it has been confirmed that Joseph Aspdin’s binder was used in the construction of the "Wakefield Arms" building, which is still intact nearby the Kirkgate train station in Britain.
The treatment of raw materials at high temperatures and grinding of these was accomplished later on by an Englishman named Isaac Johnson (1845).
The first cement plant was founded in Britain in year 1848.
The first German Cement Standard was established in 1860. Founding of American Concrete Institute (ACI) and the establishment of the US Directives.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. A.M. Neville, Properties of Concrete - Longman Scientific and Technical, NewYork 4th Edition, 1998
2. A.M. Neville and JJ.Brooks, Concrete Technology - Longman Scientific and Technical, NewYork, 1987
3. F.Kocataskin, Betonun Dünü Bugünü Yarını - 2. Ulusal Beton Kongresi
4. Betonu Olusturan Malzemeler ÇİMENTOLAR - Prof. Dr. Turhan Y. Erdogan T.H.B.B.
5. Concrete Through the Ages BCA, British Cement Association
6. Singer C.A., History of Technology, C.I, Oxford, 1977
7. Mindess, S and Young J F, Concretes 10 Prentice Hall Inc., 1981
8. Klemm, AV “Cementitous Materials: Historical Notes” Materials Science of Concrete (Ed. J. Skalny) C I s 1-26 The American Ceramic Society, 1989
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The History of Concrete:
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 07:29 PM EDT
A Timeline
Cement has been around for at least 12 million years. When the earth itself was undergoing intense geologic changes natural, cement was being created. It was this natural cement that humans first put to use. Eventually, they discovered how to make cement from other materials.
| 12,000,000 BC
| Reactions between limestone and oil shale during spontaneous combustion occurred in Israel to form a natural deposit of cement compounds. The deposits were characterized by Israeli geologists in the 1960's and 70's.
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3000 BC
Egyptians
| Used mud mixed with straw to bind dried bricks. They also used gypsum mortars and mortars of lime in the pyramids.
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| Chinese
| Used cementitious materials to hold bamboo together in their boats and in the Great Wall.
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800 BC
Greeks, Crete & Cyprus
| Used lime mortars which were much harder than later Roman mortars.
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300 BC
Babylonians & As Syrians
| Used bitumen to bind stones and bricks.
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300 BC - 476 AD
Romans
| Used pozzolana cement from Pozzuoli, Italy near Mt. Vesuvius to build the Appian Way, Roman baths, the Coliseum and Pantheon in Rome, and the Pont du Gard aqueduct in south France. They used lime as a cementitious material. Pliny reported a mortar mixture of 1 part lime to 4 parts sand. Vitruvius reported a 2 parts pozzolana to 1 part lime. Animal fat, milk, and blood were used as admixtures (substances added to cement to increase the properties.) These structures still exist today!
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1200 - 1500
The Middle Ages
| The quality of cementing materials deteriorated. The use of burning lime and pozzolan (admixture) was lost, but reintroduced in the 1300's.
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| 1678
| Joseph Moxon wrote about a hidden fire in heated lime that appears upon the addition of water.
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| 1779
| Bry Higgins was issued a patent for hydraulic cement (stucco) for exterior plastering use.
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| 1780
| Bry Higgins published "Experiments and Observations Made With the View of Improving the Art of Composing and Applying Calcereous Cements and of Preparing Quicklime."
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| 1793
| John Smeaton found that the calcination of limestone containing clay gave a lime which hardened under water (hydraulic lime). He used hydraulic lime to rebuild Eddystone Lighthouse in Cornwall, England which he had been commissioned to build in 1756, but had to first invent a material that would not be affected by water. He wrote a book about his work.
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| 1796
| James Parker from England patented a natural hydraulic cement by calcining nodules of impure limestone containing clay, called Parker's Cement or Roman Cement.
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| 1802
| In France, a similar Roman Cement process was used.
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| 1810
| Edgar Dobbs received a patent for hydraulic mortars, stucco, and plaster, although they were of poor quality due to lack of kiln precautions.
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| 1812 -1813
| Louis Vicat of France prepared artificial hydraulic lime by calcining synthetic mixtures of limestone and clay.
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| 1818
| Maurice St. Leger was issued patents for hydraulic cement. Natural Cement was produced in the USA. Natural cement is limestone that naturally has the appropriate amounts of clay to make the same type of concrete as John Smeaton discovered.
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| 1820 - 1821
| John Tickell and Abraham Chambers were issued more hydraulic cement patents.
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| 1822
| James Frost of England prepared artificial hydraulic lime like Vicat's and called it British Cement.
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| 1824
| Joseph Aspdin of England invented portland cement by burning finely ground chalk with finely divided clay in a lime kiln until carbon dioxide was driven off. The sintered product was then ground and he called it portland cement named after the high quality building stones quarried at Portland, England.
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| 1828
| I. K. Brunel is credited with the first engineering application of portland cement, which was used to fill a breach in the Thames Tunnel.
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| 1830
| The first production of lime and hydraulic cement took place in Canada.
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| 1836
| The first systematic tests of tensile and compressive strength took place in Germany.
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| 1843
| J. M. Mauder, Son & Co. were licensed to produce patented portland cement.
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| 1845
| Isaac Johnson claims to have burned the raw materials of portland cement to clinkering temperatures.
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| 1849
| Pettenkofer & Fuches performed the first accurate chemical analysis of portland cement.
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| 1860
| The beginning of the era of portland cements of modern composition.
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| 1862
| Blake Stonebreaker of England introduced the jaw breakers to crush clinkers.
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| 1867
| Joseph Monier of France reinforced William Wand's (USA) flower pots with wire ushering in the idea of iron reinforcing bars (re-bar).
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| 1871
| David Saylor was issued the first American patent for portland cement. He showed the importance of true clinkering.
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| 1880
| J. Grant of England show the importance of using the hardest and densest portions of the clinker. Key ingredients were being chemically analyzed.
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| 1886
| The first rotary kiln was introduced in England to replace the vertical shaft kilns.
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| 1887
| Henri Le Chatelier of France established oxide ratios to prepare the proper amount of lime to produce portland cement. He named the components: Alite (tricalcium silicate), Belite (dicalcium silicate), and Celite (tetracalcium aluminoferrite). He proposed that hardening is caused by the formation of crystalline products of the reaction between cement and water.
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| 1889
| The first concrete reinforced bridge is built.
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| 1890
| The addition of gypsum when grinding clinker to act as a retardant to the setting of concrete was introduced in the USA. Vertical shaft kilns were replaced with rotary kilns and ball mills were used for grinding cement.
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| 1891
| George Bartholomew placed the first concrete street in the USA in Bellefontaine, OH. It still exists today!
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| 1893
| William Michaelis claimed that hydrated metasilicates form a gelatinous mass (gel) that dehydrates over time to harden.
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| 1900
| Basic cement tests were standardized.
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| 1903
| The first concrete high rise was built in Cincinnati, OH.
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| 1908
| Thomas Edison built cheap, cozy concrete houses in Union, NJ. They still exist today!
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| 1909
| Thomas Edison was issued a patent for rotary kilns.
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| 1929
| Dr. Linus Pauling of the USA formulated a set of principles for the structures of complex silicates.
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| 1930
| Air entraining agents were introduced to improve concrete's resistance to freeze/thaw damage.
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| 1936
| The first major concrete dams, Hoover Dam and Grand Coulee Dam, were built. They still exist today!
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| 1956
| U.S. Congress annexed the Federal Interstate Highway Act.
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| 1967
| First concrete domed sport structure, the Assembly Hall, was constructed at The University of Illinois, at Urbana-Champaign.
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| 1970's
| Fiber reinforcement in concrete was introduced.
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| 1975
| CN Tower in Toronto, Canada, the tallest slip-form building, was constructed.
Water Tower Place in Chicago, Illinois, the tallest building was constructed.
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| 1980's
| Superplasticizers were introduced as admixtures.
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| 1985
| Silica fume was introduced as a pozzolanic additive.
The "highest strength" concrete was used in building the Union Plaza constructed in Seattle, Washington.
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| 1992
| The tallest reinforced concrete building in the world was constructed at 311 S. Wacker Dr., Chicago, Illinois. |
The History of Concrete and Cement
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 07:27 PM EDT
By Mary Bellis
Concrete is a material used in building construction, consisting of a hard, chemically inert particulate substance, known as an aggregate (usually made from different types of sand and gravel), that is bonded together by cement and water.
The Assyrians and Babylonians used clay as the bonding substance or cement. The Egyptians used lime and gypsum cement. In 1756, British engineer, John Smeaton made the first modern concrete (hydraulic cement) by adding pebbles as a coarse aggregate and mixing powered brick into the cement. In 1824, English inventor, Joseph Aspdin invented Portland Cement, which has remained the dominant cement used in concrete production. Joseph Aspdin created the first true artificial cement by burning ground limestone and clay together. The burning process changed the chemical properties of the materials and Joseph Aspdin created a stronger cement than what using plain crushed limestone would produce.
The other major part of concrete besides the cement is the aggregate. Aggregates include sand, crushed stone, gravel, slag, ashes, burned shale, and burned clay. Fine aggregate (fine refers to the size of aggregate) is used in making concrete slabs and smooth surfaces. Coarse aggregate is used for massive structures or sections of cement.
Concrete that includes imbedded metal (usually steel) is called reinforced concrete or ferroconcrete. Reinforced concrete was invented (1849) by Joseph Monier, who received a patent in 1867. Joseph Monier was a Parisian gardener who made garden pots and tubs of concrete reinforced with an iron mesh. Reinforced concrete combines the tensile or bendable strength of metal and the compressional strength of concrete to withstand heavy loads. Joseph Monier exhibited his invention at the Paris Exposition of 1867. Besides his pots and tubs, Joseph Monier promoted reinforced concrete for use in railway ties, pipes, floors, arches, and bridges.
History of Structural Concrete Case Studies
Buildings that were significant to the development of the architectonic language of reinforced concrete. Each one was a proving ground, in one way or another, for design techniques, construction methods or spatial delineation.
A History of Cement
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 07:22 PM EDT
gowanous canal
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 05:07 PM EDT
IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:51 PM EDT
CEMEX-RMC A DONE DEAL; INTEGRATION BEGINS IMMEDIATELY
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:47 PM EDT
http://cementamericas.com/mag/cement_cemexrmc_done_deal/ more »
CEMENT EDITION
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:40 PM EDT
http://cementamericas.com/mag/cement_news_americas_20/ more »
Panel Systems & Precast
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:33 PM EDT
http://login.myblogsite.com/admin/index.cgi/cmd=post_article more »
Shotcrete
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:32 PM EDT
http://login.myblogsite.com/admin/index.cgi/cmd=post_article more »
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:31 PM EDT
http://www.cement.org/homes/ch_bs_autoclaved.asp more »
Removable Forms (Cast-in-Place)
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:30 PM EDT
Removable Forms (Cast-in-Place)Concrete Home > Building Systems > Removable Forms (Cast-in-Place)
There are different types of forming systems used with cast-in-place concrete for walls.
Traditional Forms
This traditional concrete forming technique uses temporary forms, typically made of aluminum. Rigid foam insulation is placed inside the forms or between the forms and held in place with a system of non-conductive ties. Concrete is then poured on either side of or between the foam. Steel rebar is also generally used to add strength to the wall. Once the concrete has cured, the forms can be removed and re-used many times with a minimum of maintenance.
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The progression of a cast-in-place concrete home:
Clockwise from top left: The forms are set up, braced and ready to pour. Once the walls are poured, the forms are easily removed and the roof and interior work can begin. When the job is completed, the results speak for themselves. (Photos courtesy of Wall-Ties & Forms, Inc. and Western Forms, Inc.) |
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The obvious advantage of this system is speed. All exterior and interior walls can be poured at the same time, with door and window openings cast right along with everything else. Some systems even have floor and ceiling forms. Many different interior and exterior finishes are available to texture the concrete, or the walls can be furred out and finished conventionally. Builders can use as much or as little insulation as the project requires.
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| You can use form liners to provide texture to a concrete wall. |
Tunnel Forms
With tunnel forming systems, walls, floors and ceilings are cast at the same time. Special heaters suspended inside the forms speed the curing process, actually "baking" the concrete. This enhanced curing process allows the forms to be stripped and repositioned the next day. Tunnel forms are best suited to multi-family buildings and attached housing where room dimensions are repeated, since multiple units can be created in a single pour.
> Return to top
Concrete Homes Council
(A Council of the Concrete Foundations Association)
The Concrete Foundations Association is an active force dedicated to the positive and constructive development of the above grade removable forms concrete home industry. Contact CHC for more information.
 Concrete Homes Council
107 First St. West
P.O. Box 204
Mount Vernon, IA 52314
(319) 895-0761 / Fax: (319) 895-8830
www.concretehomescouncil.org
> Return to top
Partial List of Producers/Suppliers of Removable Form Systems
Advance Concrete Form, Inc.
5102 Pflaum Rd.
Madison, WI 53718
(800) 356-2202 or (608) 222-8684 / Fax: (608) 222-3693
www.advanceconcreteform.com
B.E.P. Forming Systems, Inc.
325 Industrial Way
Fayetteville, GA 30215
(800) 858-1390 or (770) 827-7841 / Fax: (770) 461-2387
Dow T-Mass
200 Larkin Center
1605 Joseph Dr.
Midland, MI 48674
www.t-mass.com
Duraform
301 Raemisch Rd.
P.O. Box 365
Waunakee, WI 53597
(800) 367-6464 or (608) 849-3000 / Fax: (608) 849-3676
www.duraform.com
Durand Forms, Inc.
9026 E. Lansing Rd.
Durand, MI 48429
(800) 545-6342
www.durandforms.com
EFCO-Forms
1800 NE Broadway Ave.
Des Moines, IA 50313
(515) 266-1141 / Fax: (515) 313-4422
www.efco-usa.com
E-Maxx Systems
(888) 883-6299
www.emaxxsystems.com
Gates & Sons, Inc.
90 S. Fox Street
Denver, CO 80223
(303) 744-6185 / Fax: (303) 744-6192
www.gatesconcreteforms.com
Hartman Equipment, Inc.
210 W. 74th Terrace
P.O. Box 8672
Kansas City, MO 64114
(800) 453-6955 / Fax: (816) 775-3945
www.hartmanforms.com
ICS 3-D Panelworks, Inc.
2610 Sidney Lanier Dr.
Brunswick, GA 31525
(912) 264-3772 / Fax: (912) 264-3774
www.3-dpanelworks.com
Outinord Universal, Inc.
115 NW 167 Street, Suite 400
N. Miami Beach, FL 33169
(305) 655-0119
www.outinord-americas.com
Precise Forms, Inc.
3130 Wheeling
Kansas City, MO 64129
(800) 537-0706 / Fax: (816) 861-8828
www.preciseforms.com
SCI Global
P.O. Box 4970
Greenwich, CT 06831
(203) 531-4400 / Fax: (203) 531-4403
www.sciglobal.com
Symons Corporation
200 East Touhy Ave.
Des Plaines, IL 60018
(847) 298-3200 / Fax: (847) 635-9287
www.symons.com
Tuf-n-Lite
650 Pleasant Valley Dr.
Springboro, OH 45066
(800) 382-0105 / Fax: (513) 743-0390
www.tuf-n-lite.com
Wall-Ties & Forms, Inc.
4000 Bonner Industrial Drive
Shawnee, KS 66226
(800) 444-9692
www.wallties.com
Western Forms, Inc.
6200 Equitable Rd.
Kansas City, MO 64120
(800) 821-3870 / Fax: (816) 241-0477
www.westernforms.com
Williams Form Engineering Corp.
P.O. Box 7389
Grand Rapids, MI 49510
(616) 365-9220 / Fax: (616) 365-2975
www.williamsform.com
> Return to top
Accessories for Removable Forms
Scott System (form liners)
10777 East 45th Avenue
Denver, CO 80239
(303) 373-2500 / Fax: (303) 373-2755
www.scottsystem.com
Disclaimer
Listing constitutes neither an endorsement nor recommendation by the Portland Cement Association (PCA). PCA disclaims any and all responsibility for the selection of firms listed, products they supply, and/or work performed by their products. This list is titled a "Partial List" because although PCA has made reasonable efforts to include all known producer/suppliers, we are not certain this list includes all producer/suppliers. This list is in alphabetical order and is not in order of industry rank or rating. PCA also assumes no responsibility for errors and omissions in this list.> Return to top
A Better Way To Build A Better Home
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:20 PM EDT
Insulating Concrete Forms more »
Concrete Masonry Units
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:16 PM EDT
http://www.cement.org/homes/ch_bs_concretemasonry.asp more »
Guggenheim Museum in Guadalajara
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 04:05 PM EDT
Enrique Norten Wins more »
Nine Lives, but No Sweet Tooth
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 02:57 PM EDT
By HENRY FOUNTAIN
Published: July 26, 2005 more »
& Style Home Thursday Styles Sunday Styles Style: Magazine Weddings & Celebrations Columns
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 02:51 PM EDT
By DENNY LEE
Published: July 31, 2005 more »
Sinai Bombings Renew Old Tensions Between Bedouins and Egyptian Authorities
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 02:45 PM EDT
By HASSAN M. FATTAH
Published: July 30, 2005 more »
Guggenheim Aplenty
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 12:15 PM EDT
The Guggenheim is big business, no doubt about it, and it looks like expansion is on the mind of museum director Thomas Krens. The Guggenheim has already had an international presence for a while now — outside of the well-known Guggenheim Bilbao are a few satellite “branches” in places like Berlin, Venice, and Las Vegas. But why stop there, especially with a $45.4 million endowment on their hands (as of the end of last year), and the prospect of new Guggenheims bringing in $150-200 million more from eager cities looking to spend on lavish new museums. Cities currently being considered: Guadalajara in Mexico (with architect Jean Nouvel being considered), Singapore, Rio de Janeiro (another possible Nouvel project), Hong Kong, and a collaboration with St. Petersburg’s Hermitage. New York is also in the cards for a possible new addition, with Frank Gehry being mentioned as architect.
But the question remains — is this franchise mentality good for the public, or is it diluting the brand?
A Museum Visionary Envisions More [The New York Times]
Changes at the Guggenheim. Nothing Changes. [Archinect]
Guggenheim [Official Site]
Guggenheim Guadalajara
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 12:13 PM EDT
Guggenheim Guadalajara: a TEN
Enrique Norten/TEN arquitectos won the commission for a Guggenheim branch in Mexico. A jury that counted on Frank Gehry, among many, selected Norten's tower scheme out of a trio that also included Jean Nouvel and Asymptote. Money has not been raised yet for the construction. ( El Informador) | skyscrapercityforum galleries: 1, 2, 3. | via NA
During my last tour of duty here, I pointed out a New York Times article covering the latest moves taking place within the Guggenheim empire. It’s just been announced that a choice has finally been made regarding the new Guggenheim branch (Guadalajara) in Mexico. The transparent tower-like structure by Enrique Norten (TEN Architectos) won the competition, even beating a Jean Nouvel design!
Guggenheim Guadalajara: a TEN [Archinect]
Guggenheim Aplenty [Gridskipper]
Brazilians Seek Their Fortunes Overseas
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 09:02 AM EDT
By ALAN CLENDENNING
Associated Press Writer more »
BURNING MAN AT 20
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salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 09:00 AM EDT
A better Mouse Trap
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Man attacks Saddam in court
by
salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 08:54 AM EDT
Saddam Hussein has been formally charged with the killings of Shiite Muslims in the village of Dujail in 1982 (file photo). (Reuters)
Former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein was attacked by an unidentified man during his appearance at a court hearing in Baghdad on Thursday.
His defence team said in a statement that the man attacked Saddam and the two exchanged blows during a hearing attended by defence lawyer Khalil Dulaimi.
"As the president stood to leave the courtroom one of those present attacked him and there was an exchange of blows between the man and the president," the statement said.
The statement said the head of the tribunal did nothing to stop the assault.
It did not say if Saddam was hurt.
The Iraqi Special Tribunal trying Saddam on Friday released photographs of the toppled leader being questioned on the suppression of Kurdish and Shiite uprisings in 1991.
The tribunal said the photographs were taken during a hearing in Baghdad on Thursday.
Saddam has been formally charged with the killings of Shiite Muslims in the village of Dujail in 1982, but no date has been set for his trial.
- Reuters
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on Sat 30 Jul 2005 08:48 AM EDT
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on Sat 30 Jul 2005 08:23 AM EDT
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salvador rosillo
on Sat 30 Jul 2005 08:18 AM EDT
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